中考生必读：英语阅读技巧精讲
中考生必读：英语阅读技巧精讲
第一：从逻辑学角度看待英语文章的结构
任何一种语言本身都存在着一种内在的逻辑联系，故而了解英语的文字结构至关重要。从逻辑学角度看，文章存在两种逻辑结构。
其一，有的文章从开篇就出现具体的事例，具体的任务或是非常具体的数据，实验等，其作用即在于引入主题，并加以论述证明自己的观点的可取性与合理性。这种逻辑结构即为归纳思维，类似于数学里的归纳法。即使是应对一个具体的段落而言，段落的结构有一部分也符合这种模式，亦即在一段开始也是列举具体的事例，数据，实验过程讲解等，这时候可以直接跳到段落结尾处去找重点，因为此段落也符合归纳的逻辑思维。用中文的解释即为：总、分、总的文章结构。
Eg1：Imagine youre at a party full of strangers。 Youre nervous。 Who are these people？ How do you start a conversation？ Luckily， youve got a thing that sends out energy at small chips（芯片） in everyones name tag（标签）。The chips send back name， job， hobbies-whatever。 Making new friends becomes simple。
This hasnt quite happened in real life。 But the world is already experiencing a new age of using RFID technology。
学生面对这两段文字将如何快速找出主旨？看文章第一个词Imagine（想象）就应断定是列举实例的开篇方式，主旨不在于实例本身而应是实例后的总结，即第二段文字是重点，通过实例总结出来的一个结论或是一个要讨论的主题。还有第二段文字以否定句开头，以转折句衔接，故而二句都是重点。因为阅读过程中要格外注意三种句型：否定句、疑问句、转折句。那么这篇文章的主旨应为：。 predict the uses of RFID technology 预测RFID （刷卡技术）的使用。从字面意思看：此种场景在现实生活中还没有真实发生，但世界即将经历一个新时代的到来。
Eg2： At the University of California， my students and I studied more than 2，000 years of self-change methods and also reviewed the scientific research works on that。 Among all the methods， three should be specially mentioned： theyre useful， simple and easy to learn。 Whats more， people who have made successful changes in their lives often depended on one or more of these methods。
To get yourself started in a new direction， try the Three Ms：
学生如何确定这两段文字的重点内容？看第一句同样是讲述作者自己的亲身经历与研究领域，没有多大意义；第二句看主句内容 three should be specially mentioned：要特别提到三种方法，后一句讲的是三种方法怎么重要，没有多大意思。如果出题人给出此文的写作目的是什么？那么用归纳的思维来判断第二段小文字为重点，应为这是承上启下段落。To get yourself started in a new direction， try the Three Ms：（想让自己重新来过请试试三个M方法）那么用出题人自己的语言概况应为：To encourage people to change their bad habits。
其二：也是大多数文章的结构，即与归纳思维反向的演绎思维，也是西方逻辑学上突破性的思维方式，直接推动西方科学知识的进步与突破。即开篇即提出作者自家的观点，而且大多数都是猜测出来的口吻，运用的助动词多为情态动词can、may、 could、 might；或是其他表示推测的词性如：possible， probable， likely等及其变形。那么此时这篇文章的中心就在文章的开头处，必须精读此处，切莫略过！
Eg1： Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater increase in their waistlines over time， a study suggests。
Eg2： Some people think that they have an answer to the problems of automobiles crowding and pollution in large cities。 Their answer is the bicycle， or bike。
Eg3：In modern society there is a lot of disagreement about competition。 Some value it highly， believing that it is good for social progress。 Others say that competition is bad。 It sets one person against another。 And it leads to unfriendly relationship between people。
此三段文字都为观点类句式，如think，disagreement等。
第二：要了解中学阶段阅读的具体题型。针对考试当中经常出现的题型现归类如下：
A：缺少句子成分题型。如缺少主语，宾语，状语成分，这是考试中最长出现的类型题。
Eg1：When we wear a pair of 3D glasses， _____。此题提供的内容是时间状语从句，要补充主句的内容，那么学生必须在原文中锁定题干中句子在原文何处出现，定位住原文后要精读此句，找出与原文意思相同的句子，切莫一味找寻与原文一样的答案，因 ……此处隐藏1769个字……e totally honest all the time。 There is a corollary（直接推论）to that： if a good excuse is good even if it isnt honest， then where is the place of the truth？
What would be the best title for this passage？
A。 A Mirror of Human Nature
B。 To Blame or to Forgive
C。 A Mark of Maturity
D。 Truth or Excuse
解析：三段文字哪句具有总结特点？为划线句。为什么？因为文章开头列举三个戏谑引语，其作用在于引入主题，即为划线句。所以答案为A。人的本性的一面镜子。中心词为Human Nature。
再如：A great many people， when they speak of home， tend to connect it with a certain atmosphere， certain physical surroundings（环境）， and certain emotional attitudes within themselves。 This sentimentality（多愁善感） toward home is something that has come down to us from the past。 Many modern people do not have it， and I think it is a good thing that they do not。
What is the best title for the passage？
A。 The History of Home B。 People and Home
C。 Different Ideas of Home D。 Ideas of Home Have Changed
答案为D。
1. 划线句和划线词和短语含义选择题。此种题型最好的方法是排除法，其次是从上下文结构中找出答案，而不是完全用翻译的方法，因为出题人设置的词汇和句型有时候过于复杂，简单的可以翻译过来，但是难题很难理解。这种题要体现出解释的特点，即要将文字中不懂得句式或词汇，词组用自己的语言重新的布局和说明，那么答案中如果还是在照抄原文出现的生僻词和你不懂的基础词那么就不要选为干扰项。
如：Studies have shown it takes a doctor about 18 seconds to stop a patient after he begins talking。
It was Sunday。 I had one last patient to see。 I came close to her room in a hurry and stood at the doorway。 She was an older woman， sitting at the edge of the bed， trying to put socks on her swollen（肿胀的） feet。 I spoke quickly to the nurse， saw her chart saying she was in stable（稳定的） condition。I was almost in the clear。
What does I was almost in the clear mean？
A。 I thought everything was clear B。 I was about to finish my work
C。 I almost made myself understood。 D。 I was very quickly out of her sight
解析：此句中不懂的词汇为almost 及in the clear，那么A和C即为干扰项没有解释作用，答案在B和D中，这样就好判断了，是说作者就要完成工作了还是我迅速的消失在她的视线之外，根据文章提供的情节马上可以判断出答案。
再如：Depression is not a choice。 Rather， it is a true medical condition like high blood pressure or heart disease。 In the United States alone， more than 17 million people suffer from depression with women being twice as likely as men to suffer from the disease。Depression crosses racial and socioeconomic lines。Anyone can suffer from it， and those that do are not crazy or weak。They have a serious yet highly treatable disease。
The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means ____。
A。there is a depression line between different groups and societies
B。people at a higher social position may tend to suffer from depression
C。people who are living with depression could connect with each other
D。anyone can get depression whatever their economic states and backgrounds are
解析：A答案照抄line这一名词，文章用的是比喻的含义，所以A是干扰项。这一句需要解释的是crosses racial and socioeconomic lines。跨越什么样的线，很难理解。那么不要直接翻译，看上下句的句式，因为西方人表达方式上他们要尽量避免句式和词汇的重复，所以要用不用的句式和词汇来表达，这只是一种文字游戏，这一句夹在两句之间。看Anyone can suffer from it只一句，它即在解释划线句的意思，因为按照外语的思维方式，出现一个比喻句马上会有具体的解释。所以答案为anyone结构，为D。句意为：抑郁跨越种族和社会经济地位。什么人都可能患病。
